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We report on the solar source of the 2022 February 3 geomagnetic storm ofmoderate strength that contributed to the loss of 39 Starlink satellites. Thegeomagnetic storm was caused by the 2022 January 29 halo coronal mass ejection(CME) that was of moderate speed (about 690 km/s) originating from NOAA activeregion 12936 located in the northeast quadrant (N18E06) of the Sun. Theeruption was marked by an M1.1 flare, which started at 22:45 UT, peaked at23:32 UT on January 29 and ended at 00:24 UT the next day. The CME ended up asa shock-driving magnetic cloud (MC) observed at Sun-Earth L1 and atSTEREO-Ahead (STA) located about 34 deg behind Earth. The geomagnetic storm wascaused by a strong southward component of the MC that was boosted by a highspeed solar wind stream behind the MC. Even though Earth and STA were separatedby only about 34 deg, the MC appeared quite different at Earth and L1. Onepossibility is that the MC was writhed reflecting the curved neutral line atthe Sun. In-situ observations suggest that the MC was heading closer to STAthan to Earth because of the earlier arrival at STA. However, the shock arrivedat STA and Earth around the same time, suggesting a weaker shock at Earth dueto flank passage.

The Solar Cause of the 2022 February 3 Geomagnetic Storm that Led to the Demise of the Starlink Satellites