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For secure practical systems, quantum key distribution (QKD) must providehigh key rates over long distances. Time-entanglement-based QKD promises toincrease the secret key rate and distribution distances compared to other QKDimplementations. This article describes the major steps in QKD protocols,focusing on the nascent QKD technology based on high-dimensional time-binentangled photons. We overview state-of-the-art from the information and codingtheory perspective. In particular, we discuss the key rate loss due tosingle-photon detector imperfections. We hope the open questions posed anddiscussed in this paper will inspire information and coding theorists tocontribute to and impact fledgling quantum applications and influence futurequantum communication systems.

QKD Based on Time-Entangled Photons and its Key-Rate Promise