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Modelling elastocaloric effect (eCE) is crucial for the design ofenvironmentally friendly and energy-efficient eCE based solid-state coolingdevices. Here, a thermodynamically consistent non-isothermal phase-field model(PFM) coupling martensitic transformation with mechanics and heat transfer isdeveloped and applied for simulating eCE. The model is derived from athermodynamic framework which invokes the microforce theory and Coleman--Nollprocedure. To avoid the numerical issue related to the non-differentiableenergy barrier function across the transition point, the austenite-martensitetransition energy barrier in PFM is constructed as a smooth function oftemperature. Both the indirect method using isothermal PFM with Maxwellrelations and the direct method using non-isothermal PFM are applied tocalculate the elastocaloric properties. The former is capable of calculatingboth isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change ($\DeltaT_{\text{ad}}$), but induces high computation cost. The latter iscomputationally efficient, but only yields $\Delta T_{\text{ad}}$. In a modelMn-22Cu alloy, the maximum $\Delta T_{\text{ad}}$ ($\DeltaT_{\text{ad}}^{\text{max}}$) under a compressive stress of 100 MPa iscalculated as 9.5 and 8.5 K in single crystal (3.5 and 3.8 K in polycrystal)from the indirect and direct method, respectively. It is found that thediscrepancy of $\Delta T_{\text{ad}}^{\text{max}}$ by indirect and directmethod is within 10% at stress less than 150 MPa, confirming the feasibility ofboth methods in evaluating eCE at low stress. The results demonstrate thedeveloped PFM herein, combined with both indirect and direct method for eCEcalculations, as a practicable toolkit for the computational design ofelastocaloric devices.

Thermodynamically consistent non-isothermal phase-field modelling of elastocaloric effect: indirect vs direct method