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Non-Hermitian physics is responsible for many of the counter-intuitiveeffects observed in optics research opening up new possibilities in sensing,polarization control and measurement. A hallmark of non-Hermitian matrices isthe possibility of non-orthogonal eigenvectors resulting in coupling betweenmodes. The advantages of propagation mode coupling have been little explored inmagneto-optical filters and other devices based on birefringence.Magneto-optical filters select for ultra-narrow transmission regions by passinglight through an atomic medium in the presence of a magnetic field. Passivefilter designs have traditionally been limited by Doppler broadening of thermalvapors. Even for filter designs incorporating a pump laser, transmissions aretypically less than 15\% for sub-Doppler features. Here we exploit ourunderstanding of non-Hermitian physics to induce non-orthogonal propagationmodes in a vapor and realize better magneto-optical filters. We construct twonew filter designs with ENBWs and maximum transmissions of 181~MHz, 42\% and140~MHz, 17\% which are the highest figure of merit and first sub-100~MHz FWHMpassive filters recorded respectively. This work opens up a range of new filterapplications including metrological devices for use outside a lab setting andcommends filtering as a new candidate for deeper exploration of non-Hermitianphysics such as exceptional points of degeneracy.

Exploiting non-orthogonal eigenmodes in a non-Hermitian optical system to realize sub-100 MHz magneto-optical filters