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In highly out-of-equilibrium states of matter, such as those induced by apump laser, the applicability of well established spectroscopic probes ofmagnetic order are called into question. Here we address the validity of x-rayabsorption techniques in pump laser conditions, focusing on magnetic lineardichroism (MLD), a crucial probe of antiferromagnetic (AFM) order. We directlycompute the dynamics of the square of the spin moment and compare to thoseobtained via the MLD response. For AFM FePd the agreement between thesedistinct routes to the magnetic moment severely degrades at pulse fluencesgreater than 1 mJ/cm$^2$, indicating a breakdown of the MLD response as anaccurate probe of the transient moment. This contrasts with the MLD forferromagnetic FePt which reliably tracks the moment for fluences (and absorbedenergies) up to an order of magnitude greater than the breakdown threshold forAFM FePd. The underlying microscopic reason for this we find to be increasedlaser induced excitations out of the $d$-band in AFM FePd, where this increaseis made possible by the AFM pseudogap.

How closely does transient magnetic linear dichroism follow the spin moment?