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Heat flux ($J$) generally increases with temperature difference in amaterial. A differential coefficient of $J$ against temperature ($T$) is calleddifferential thermal conductance ($k$), and an inverse of $k$ is differentialthermal resistance ($r$). Although $k$ and $r$ are generally positive, they canbe negative in a macroscopic heterojunction with positive $T$-dependentinterfacial thermal resistance (ITR). The negative differential thermalresistance (NDTR) effect is an important effect that can realize thermaltransistor, thermal memory, and thermal logic gate. In this paper, we examineanalytical expressions of $J$, $k$, $r$, and other related quantities as afunction of parameters related to thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) and ITR in amacroscopic heterojunction to precisely describe the NDTR effect.

Analytical expression of negative differential thermal resistance in a macroscopic heterojunction