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Rayleigh-B{\'e}nard convection experiments were done with two adjacent cubiccells with a partial wall in between to force the generation of two interactingconvection rolls. Observed stable states include both counter-rotating andco-rotating states. The stability of each of these states and their dynamicswere modeled by stochastic ordinary differential equations of motion in termsof the orientation, amplitude, and mean temperature of each convection roll.The form of the interaction terms is predicted based on an effective turbulentdiffusion of temperature between the adjacent rolls. Predictions are made forstable fixed points of the co- and counter-rotating states. This suggests thatthe same turbulent thermal diffusivity that describes macroscopically averagedheat transport also controls the interactions between neighboring convectionrolls. The surprising stability of co-rotating states is due to the temperaturedifference between the neighboring rolls becoming large enough that the heatflux between the rolls stabilizes the temperature profile of alignedco-rotating states. This temperature difference can be driven by heating theplates of the two cells to different mean temperatures. This shifts theorientations of the rolls of counter-rotating states in opposite directions,and for large temperature differences only co-rotating states are stableSpontaneous switching between co-rotating and counter-rotating states is alsoobserved. Switching to counter-rotating states occurs mainly due to cessation(a significant weakening of a convection roll), which reduces damping onchanges in orientation, allowing the orientation to change rapidly due todiffusive fluctuations. Switching to co-rotating states is mainly driven bysmaller diffusive fluctuations, which have a positive feedback thatdestabilizes the counter-rotating state.

Interactions between two adjacent convection rolls in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection