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A novel unified frequency diverse array (FDA) and spatial data focusing (SDF)approach is proposed to simultaneously overcome time-variance and precisionconstraints of conventional FDA in geocasting, i.e., spatially confinedbroadcasting, scenarios. This paper describes a free space FDA-based SDF(FDA-SDF) system model for 2-dimensional range-angle-based focusing, includinga generalized multi-purpose baseband approach for time-invariant FDA,complemented by SDF processing for improved spatial focusing precision andreduced array size. Comprehensive analytical derivations - general for anyfrequency offset configuration - describe the geographical FDA-SDF propertiesand design rules, such as geocast delivery zone steering, location, uniqueness,and size. Simulations of the proposed scheme validate theoretical derivationsand demonstrate FDA-SDF's superior spatial precision and minimal designcomplexity. In particular, using novel alternating logarithmic frequencyoffsets, a 3-antenna FDA-SDF setup is shown to match the radial and azimuthalprecision of its beamforming-based FDA counterpart using, respectively, 64 and24 antennas.

A Spatial Data Focusing and Generalized Time-invariant Frequency Diverse Array Approach for High Precision Range-angle-based Geocasting