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Granular material is often handled using silos with inserts in industrialprocesses to prevent "rat-holing" and similar behaviour, optimise mixingbehaviour, and prevent segregation. We study the mass flow rate and the staticzones of granular silos using the $\mu(I)$ rheology in the incompressibleNavier-Stokes equations. We also extend the $\mu(I)$ model to incorporatepseudo-dilatancy and nonlocal fluidity. We find that insert shape has asignificant effect on flow rate and static material. We also find that theeffect of inserts on flow rate is not strongly affected by the extensions,while the amount of static material is highly dependent on the interactionsbetween insert shape and extensions. Finally, we find that the effect on flowrate varies with insert size, while the amount of static material is notsignificantly affected by increasing insert size. These results could provideimportant insights for optimising silo design.

The $\mu(I)$ model and extensions applied to granular material in silo with inserts