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We investigate the benefits of mutual coupling effects between the passiveelements of intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) on maximizing theachievable rate of downlink Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. In this paper,we present an electromagnetic (EM) coupling model for IRSs whose elements areconnected minimum scattering antennas (i.e., dipoles). Using Chu's theory, weincorporate the finite antenna size constraint on each element of the IRS toobtain the IRS mutual impedance matrix. By maximizing the IRS phase shitersusing the gradient ascent procedure, our numerical results show that mutualcoupling is indeed crucial to avoid the achievable rate degradation when thespacing between IRS elements is down to a fraction of the wavelength.

Physically Consistent Models for Intelligent Reflective Surface-assisted Communications under Mutual Coupling and Element Size Constraint