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This paper assesses the extent to which a renewables-driven expansion of thetransmission system infrastructure impacts the total generation mix in thedecentralised energy market. For that, we employ an optimisation bi-level modelin which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments intransmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamicsat the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, weassume that the generation companies at the lower level make capacityinvestments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternativetransmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes andmonetary incentives for renewable generation capacity expansion, we study howalternative compositions of these factors affect the share of renewablegeneration in the generation mix. We apply the proposed modelling assessment toan illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplifiedrepresentation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. Ourresults suggest the limited efficiency of the three measures when appliedindividually. Nevertheless, when applied together, these three measuresdemonstrated a positive impact on Nordics' and Baltics' energy system welfare,renewable share, and total generation. However, the amplitude of this impactdiffers depending on the composition of values used for the three measures.

Optimal transmission expansion planning in the context of renewable energy integration policies