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Humans make their evacuation decisions first at strategic/tactical levels,deciding their exit and route choice and then at operational level, navigatingto a way-point, avoiding collisions. What influences an individuals at tacticallevel is of importance, for modelers to design a high fidelity simulation orfor safety engineers to create efficient designs/codes. Does an unlit exit signdissuades individual(s) to avoid a particular exit/route and vice versa? Whateffect does the crowd's choices have on individual's decision making? To answerthese questions, we studied the effect of exit signage (unlit/lit), differentproportions of crowd movement towards the exits, and the combined(reinforcing/conflicting) effect of the sign and the crowd treatment onreaction times and exit choices of participants in an immersive virtualreality(VR) evacuation experiment. We found that there is tolerance for queuingwhen different sources of information, exit signage and crowd movementreinforced one another. The effect of unlit exit signage on dissuadingindividuals from using a particular exit/route was significant. The virtualcrowd was ineffective at encouraging utilization of a particular exit/route buthad a slight repulsive effect. Additionally, we found some similarities betweenprevious studies based on screen-based evacuation experiments and our VR-basedexperiment.

Use of immersive virtual reality-based experiments to study tactical decision-making during emergency evacuation