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Suppression of superconductivity in favour of a striped phase, and itscoincidence with a structural transition from a low-temperature orthorhombic(LTO) to a low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) phase, is a ubiquitous feature ofhole-doped lanthanum cuprates. We study the effect of anisotropic strain onthis transition using density-functional theory on both La$_2$CuO$_4$ and therecently-synthesised surrogate La$_2$MgO$_4$ to decouple electronic andstructural effects. Strikingly, we find that compressive strain applieddiagonally to the in-plane metal-oxygen bonds dramatically stabilises the LTOphase. Given the mutual exclusivity of 3D superconductivity and long-rangestatic stripe order, we thereby suggest a structural mechanism forunderstanding experimentally-observed trends in the superconducting$T_{\mathrm{c}}$ under uniaxial pressure, and suggest principles for tuning it.

The origin of strain-induced stabilisation of superconductivity in the lanthanum cuprates