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With the large number of deep space (DS) missions anticipated by the end ofthis decade, reliable-high capacity DS communication systems are needed morethan ever. Nevertheless, existing DS communication technologies are far frommeeting such a goal. Improving current systems does not only demand a systemengineering leadership, but more crucially a well investigation in thepotentials of emerging technologies in overcoming the challenges of theunique-ultra long DS communication channel. This project starts with a surveythat highlights current technologies, trends, and advancements, investigatespotentials, and identify challenges, and in essence, provide perspectives andpropose solutions. It focuses on free-space optical (FSO) communication as apotential technology that can overcome the shortcomings of current radiofrequency (RF)-based communication systems. To the best of our knowledge, inaddition, it provides for the very first time a thoughtful discussion aboutimplementing orbital angular momentum (OAM) for DS, identifies major relatedchallenges, and proposes some novel solutions. Furthermore, we discuss DSmodulations and coding schemes, as well as emerging receiver technologies andcommunication protocols. We also elaborate on how all of these technologiesguarantee reliability, improve efficiency, offer capacity boosts, and enhancesecurity in the unique DS environment. In addition to that, an extended studyon the design and performance analysis of deep space optical communication(DSOC) is included, with the most suggested modulation for such a link beingpulse position modulation (PPM) and a focus on the communication between Earthand the planet Mars, which is an important destination for space exploration.

Connecting the Universe: Challenges, Mitigation, Advances, and Link Engineering