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Increasing design complexity and reduced time-to-market have motivatedmanufacturers to outsource some parts of the System-on-Chip (SoC) design flowto third-party vendors. This provides an opportunity for attackers to introducehardware Trojans by constructing stealthy triggers consisting of rare events(e.g., rare signals, states, and transitions). There are promising testgeneration-based hardware Trojan detection techniques that rely on theactivation of rare events. In this paper, we investigate rareness reduction asa design-for-trust solution to make it harder for an adversary to hide Trojans(easier for Trojan detection). Specifically, we analyze different avenues toreduce the potential rare trigger cases, including design diversity and areaoptimization. While there is a good understanding of the relationship betweenarea, power, energy, and performance, this research provides a better insightinto the dependency between area and security. Our experimental evaluationdemonstrates that area reduction leads to a reduction in rareness. It alsoreveals that reducing rareness leads to faster Trojan detection as well asimproved coverage by Trojan detection methods.

DETER: Design for Trust utilizing Rareness Reduction