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Accelerator-based X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are the latest additionto the revolutionary tools of discovery for the 21st century. The two majorcomponents of an XFEL are an accelerator-produced electron beam and a magneticundulator which tend to be kilometer-scale long and expensive. Here, we presentan ultra-compact scheme to produce 10s of attosecond X-ray pulses with severalGW peak power utilizing a novel aspect of the FEL instability using a highlychirped, pre-bunched and ultra-bright electron beam from a plasma-basedaccelerator interacting with an optical undulator. The self-selection ofelectrons from the combination of a highly chirped and pre-bunched beam leadsto the stable generation of attosecond X-ray pulses. Furthermore, two-colorattosecond pulses with sub-femtosecond separation can be produced by adjustingthe energy distribution of the electron beam so that multiple FEL resonancesoccur at different locations within the beam. Such a tunable coherentattosecond X-ray sources may open up a new area of attosecond science enabledby X-ray attosecond pump/probe techniques.

Ultra-compact attosecond X-ray free-electron lasers utilizing unique beams from plasma-based acceleration and an optical undulator