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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technology for wirelesscommunication composed of a large number of low-cost passive devices withreconfigurable parameters, which can reflect signals with a certain phase shiftand is capable of building programmable communication environment. In thispaper, to avoid the high hardware cost and energy consumption in spatialmodulation (SM), an IRS-aided hybrid secure SM (SSM) system with a hybridprecoder is proposed. To improve the security performance, we formulate anoptimization problem to maximize the secrecy rate (SR) by jointly optimizingthe beamforming at IRS and hybrid precoding at the transmitter. Consideringthat the SR has no closed form expression, an approximate SR (ASR) expressionis derived as the objective function. To improve the SR performance, three IRSbeamforming methods, called IRS alternating direction method of multipliers(IRS-ADMM), IRS block coordinate ascend (IRS-BCA) and IRS semi-definiterelaxation (IRS-SDR), are proposed. As for the hybrid precoding design,approximated secrecy rate-successive convex approximation (ASR-SCA) method andcut-off rate-gradient ascend (COR-GA) method are proposed. Simulation resultsdemonstrate that the proposed IRS-SDR and IRS-ADMM beamformers harvestsubstantial SR performance gains over IRS-BCA. Particularly, the proposedIRS-ADMM and IRS-BCA are of low-complexity at the expense of a littleperformance loss compared with IRS-SDR. For hybrid precoding, the proposedASR-SCA performs better than COR-GA in the high transmit power region.

Precoding and Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reconfigurable Surface-Aided Hybrid Secure Spatial Modulation