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We investigate the amplification of a microwave probe signal by asuperconducting artificial atom, a transmon, strongly coupled to the end of aone-dimensional semi-infinite transmission line. The end of the transmissionline acts as a mirror for microwave fields. Due to the weak anharmonicity ofthe artificial atom, a strong pump field creates multi-photon excitations amongthe dressed states. Transitions between these dressed states, Rabi sidebands,give rise to either amplification or attenuation of the weak probe. We obtain amaximum amplitude amplification of about 18 %, higher than in any previousexperiment with a single artificial atom, due to constructive interferencebetween Rabi sidebands. We also characterize the noise properties of the systemby measuring the spectrum of spontaneous emission.

Microwave amplification via interfering multi-photon processes in a half-waveguide quantum electrodynamics system