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Geological modeling currently uses various computer-based applications. Dataharmonization at the semantic level by means of ontologies is essential formaking these applications interoperable. Since geo-modeling is currently partof multidisciplinary projects, semantic harmonization is required to model notonly geological knowledge but also to integrate other domain knowledge at ageneral level. For this reason, the domain ontologies used for describinggeological knowledge must be based on a sound ontology background to ensure thedescribed geological knowledge is integratable. This paper presents a domainontology: GeoFault, resting on the Basic Formal Ontology BFO (Arp et al., 2015)and the GeoCore ontology (Garcia et al., 2020). It models the knowledge relatedto geological faults. Faults are essential to various industries but arecomplex to model. They can be described as thin deformed rock volumes or asspatial arrangements resulting from the different displacements of geologicalblocks. At a broader scale, faults are currently described as mere surfaces,which are the components of complex fault arrays. The reference to the BFO andGeoCore package allows assigning these various fault elements to defineontology classes and their logical linkage within a consistent ontologyframework. The GeoFault ontology covers the core knowledge of faults 'stricosensu,' excluding ductile shear deformations. This considered vocabulary isessentially descriptive and related to regional to outcrop scales, excludingmicroscopic, orogenic, and tectonic plate structures. The ontology is molded inOWL 2, validated by competency questions with two use cases, and tested usingan in-house ontology-driven data entry application. The work of GeoFaultprovides a solid framework for disambiguating fault knowledge and a foundationof fault data integration for the applications and the users.

GeoFault: A well-founded fault ontology for interoperability in geological modeling