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Quantum computers hold great promise for arriving at exact simulations ofnuclear dynamical processes (e.g., scattering and reactions) that are paramountto the study of nuclear matter at the limit of stability and to explaining theformation of chemical elements in stars. However, quantum simulations of theunitary (real) time dynamics of fermionic many-body systems require a currentlyprohibitive number of reliable and long-lived qubits. We propose aco-processing algorithm for the simulation of real-time dynamics in which thetime evolution of the spatial coordinates is carried out on a classicalprocessor, while the evolution of the spin degrees of freedom is carried out ona quantum processor. This hybrid algorithm is demonstrated by a quantumsimulation of the scattering of two neutrons performed at the Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory's Advanced Quantum Testbed. We show that, afterimplementation of error mitigation strategies to improve the accuracy of thealgorithm in addition to the use of either circuit compression techniques ortomography as methods to elucidate the onset of decoherence, this initialdemonstration validates the principle of the proposed co-processing scheme. Weanticipate that a generalization of this present scheme will open the way for(real-time) path integral simulations of nuclear scattering.

A quantum-classical co-processing protocol towards simulating nuclear reactions on contemporary quantum hardware