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In standard cosmological scenarios, a heavy meta-stable field dominates theenergy density of the universe after inflation. The dissipation of this fieldcontinuously sources high-energy particles. In general, the dissipation rate ofthis meta-stable field can have a non-trivial time dependence. We study theimpact of this time-dependent dissipation rate on the thermalization of thehigh-energy decay products of the meta-stable field. These energetic particlescan contribute substantially to dark matter production in addition to the usualproduction from the thermal bath particles during reheating. We investigate theimpact of this generalized dissipation on dark matter production in amodel-independent way. We illustrate the parameter space that explains theobserved dark matter relic abundance in various cosmological scenarios. Weobserved that dark matter having a mass larger than the maximum temperatureattained by the thermal bath can be produced from the collision of thehigh-energy particles which are not yet thermalized.

Thermalization in the presence of a time-dependent dissipation and its impact on dark matter production