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We consider the back-reaction of cosmological fluctuations on the localexpansion rate averaged over a space-like hypersurface of constant value of aclock field. We show that in the infrared limit, the fluctuations lead to adecrease in the average expansion rate, measured at a fixed value of the clockfield, compared to what would be obtained in a homogeneous universe. We work inthe context of Einstein gravity coupled to perfect fluid matter.

Back-Reaction of Long-Wavelength Cosmological Fluctuations as Measured by a Clock Field