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Grain boundary energies in different elements are correlated. Theproportional scaling constants relating the energies ofcrystallography-equivalent boundaries in any two f.c.c. elements are nearlyconstant, with the notable exception of aluminum where these constants areknown to vary significantly. However, the origins of the exceptional behaviorof aluminum are not understood. Previously, we reported that for fcc metalsthere is a preference for boundaries to shift their tilt axis across the (1-10)plane towards [112] and to ultimately form low energy [112] core shiftedboundaries (CSBs). By comparing grain boundary energies in copper and aluminumwith different tilt axis in (1-10) plane, we now report the existence of awell-defined scaling behavior for the case of low angle boundaries. Incontrast, the scaling constant for high angle boundaries is essentially fixedregardless of their tilt axis shift. This results in a gradual change in thescaling constants from low angle to high angle boundaries, which is responsiblefor the apparent exceptional scaling behavior found in aluminum. An analysis ofstructure evolution during core shifting points to the significance ofboundary-core dissociation, a form of correlated relaxation of individual atomsat boundaries, in controlling the scaling of the boundary energies.

Core shift controls grain boundary energy scaling in Cu and Al