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Phase stabilization of distant quantum time-bin interferometers is a majorchallenge for quantum communication networks, and is typically achieved byexchanging optical reference signals, which can be particularly challengingover free-space channels. We demonstrate a novel approach using reference frameindependent time-bin quantum key distribution that completely avoids the needfor active relative phase stabilization while simultaneously overcoming ahighly multi-mode channel without any active mode filtering. We realized aproof-of-concept demonstration using hybrid polarization and time-bin entangledphotons, that achieved a sustained asymptotic secure key rate of greater than0.06 bits/coincidence over a 15m multi-mode fiber optical channel. This isachieved without any mode filtering, mode sorting, adaptive optics, activebasis selection, or active phase alignment. This scheme enables passiveself-compensating time-bin quantum communication which can be readily appliedto long-distance links and various wavelengths, and could be useful for avariety of spatially multi-mode and fluctuating channels involving rapidlymoving platforms, including airborne and satellite systems.

Towards Fully Passive Time-Bin Quantum Key Distribution over Multi-Mode Channels