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Self-propelling active particles are an exciting and interdisciplinaryemerging area of research with projected biomedical and environmentalapplications. Due to their autonomous motion, control over these activeparticles that are free to travel along individual trajectories, ischallenging. This work used optically patterned electrodes on a photoconductivesubstrate using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to dynamically control theregion of movement of self-propelling particles (i.e. metallo-dielectric Janusparticles (JPs)). This extends previous studies where only a passive micromotorwas optoelectronically manipulated with a translocating optical pattern thatilluminated the particle. In contrast, the current system used the opticallypatterned electrode merely to define the region within which the JPs movedautonomously. Interestingly, the JPs avoided crossing the optical region edge,which enables constraint of the area of motion and to dynamically shape the JPtrajectory. Using the DMD system to simultaneously manipulate several JPsenabled to self-assemble the JPs into stable active structures (JPs ring) withprecise control over the number of participating JPs and passive particles.Since the optoelectronic system is amenable to closed-loop operation usingreal-time image analysis, it enables exploitation of these active particles asactive microrobots that can be operated in a programmable and parallelizedmanner

Optoelectronic Trajectory Reconfiguration and Directed Self-Assembly of Self-Propelling Electrically-Powered Active Particles