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The current-driven motion of magnetic skyrmions, as topologically protectedwinding vector fields of local magnetization, has attracted considerableattention due to both fundamental interest in the dynamics of topologicalsolitons, and potential spintronic applications. While widely-used Thieleequation with zero skyrmion mass captures its rigid motion under the assumptionof preserved skyrmion shape, experiments on realistic skyrmions find deviationdue to inertial mass with numerous attempts to account for it by invokinginternal skyrmion dynamics, geometry of the nanowire, and interaction withmagnons or phonons. However, experimentally observed skyrmion mass is oftenmuch larger than predicted by these theories. In this Letter, we employSchwinger-Keldysh field-theoretical approach to study conduction electronsinteracting with localized magnetic moments comprising a skyrmion to obtain astochastic differential equation of its motion. By analyzing its time-retardeddamping kernel, we extract an anisotropic mass governed by conduction electronsand demonstrate its substantial effect on the current-driven skyrmion motion,even in the absence of any skyrmion deformation.

Anisotropic skyrmion mass induced by surrounding conduction electrons: A Schwinger-Keldysh field theory approach