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Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is often utilized to characterizelocalized surface plasmon modes supported by plasmonic antennas. However, thespectral resolution of this technique is only mediocre, and it can be ratherdifficult to resolve modes close in the energy, such as coupled modes of dimerantennas. Here we address this issue for a case study of the dimer plasmonicantenna composed of two gold discs. We analyze four nearly degenerate coupledplasmon modes of the dimer: longitudinal and transverse bonding and antibondingdipole modes. With a traditional approach, which takes into account thespectral response of the antennas recorded at specific points, the modes cannotbe experimentally identified with EELS. Therefore, we employ the spectral andspatial sensitivity of EELS simultaneously. We propose several metrics that canbe utilized to resolve the modes. First, we utilize electrodynamic simulationsto verify that the metrics indeed represent the spectral positions of theplasmon modes. Next, we apply the metrics to experimental data, demonstratingtheir ability to resolve three of the above-mentioned modes (with transversebonding and antibonding modes still unresolved), identify them unequivocally,and determine their energies. In this respect, the spatio-spectral metricsincrease the information extracted from electron energy loss spectroscopyapplied to plasmonic antennas.

Spatio-spectral metrics in electron energy loss spectroscopy as a tool to resolve nearly degenerate plasmon modes in dimer plasmonic antennas