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A thermal Hall effect is observed in an increasing number of insulators oftenattributed to phonons, but the underlying mechanism is in most cases unknown. Acoupling of phonons to spins has been invoked and scattering of phonons byimpurities or defects has been proposed, but there is no systematic evidence tosupport either scenario. Here we present a study on the effect of adding Rhimpurities to the antiferromagnetic insulator Sr2IrO4, substituting for thespin-carrying Ir atoms. We find that adding small concentrations of Rhimpurities increases the thermal Hall conductivity dramatically, but addingenough Rh to suppress the magnetic order eventually decreases the thermal Hallconductivity until it nearly vanishes. We conclude that the thermal Hall effectin this material is caused by the scattering of phonons by impurities embeddedwithin a magnetic environment.

Impurity-induced phonon thermal Hall effect in the antiferromagnetic phase of Sr2IrO4