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Radio stripes (RSs) is an emerging technology in beyond 5G and 6G wirelessnetworks to support the deployment of cell-free architectures. In this paper,we investigate the potential use of RSs to enable joint positioning andsynchronization in the uplink channel at sub-6 GHz bands. The consideredscenario consists of a single-antenna user equipment (UE) that communicateswith a network of multiple-antenna RSs distributed over a wide area. The UE isassumed to be unsynchronized to the RSs network, while individual RSs are time-and phase-synchronized. We formulate the problem of joint estimation ofposition, clock offset, and phase offset of the UE and derive the correspondingmaximum-likelihood (ML) estimator, both with and without exploiting carrierphase information. To gain fundamental insights into the achievableperformance, we also conduct a Fisher information analysis and inspect thetheoretical lower bounds numerically. Simulation results demonstrate thatpromising positioning and synchronization performance can be obtained incell-free architectures supported by RSs, revealing at the same time thebenefits of carrier phase exploitation through phase-synchronized RSs.

Uplink Joint Positioning and Synchronization in Cell-Free Deployments with Radio Stripes