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Nanomechanical spectroscopy (NMS) is a recently developed approach todetermine optical absorption spectra of nanoscale materials via mechanicalmeasurements. It is based on measuring changes in the resonance frequency of amembrane resonator vs. the photon energy of incoming light. This method is adirect measurement of absorption, which has practical advantages compared tocommon optical spectroscopy approaches. In the case of two-dimensional (2D)materials, NMS overcomes limitations inherent to conventional optical methods,such as the complications associated with measurements at high magnetic fieldsand low temperatures. In this work, we develop a protocol for NMS of 2Dmaterials that yields two orders of magnitude improved sensitivity compared toprevious approaches, while being simpler to use. To this end, we use electricalsample actuation, which simplifies the experiment and provides a reliablecalibration for greater accuracy. Additionally, the use of low-stress siliconnitride membranes as our substrate reduces the noise-equivalent power to $NEP =890 fW/\sqrt{Hz}$, comparable to commercial semiconductor photodetectors. Weuse our approach to spectroscopically characterize a two-dimensional transitionmetal dichalcogenide (WS$_2$), a layered magnetic semiconductor (CrPS$_4$), anda plasmonic supercrystal consisting of gold nanoparticles.

Nanomechanical absorption spectroscopy of 2D materials with femtowatt sensitivity