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The characterization of finite-time thermodynamic processes is of crucialimportance for extending equilibrium thermodynamics to nonequilibriumthermodynamics. The central issue is to quantify responses of thermodynamicvariables and irreversible dissipation associated with non-quasistatic changesof thermodynamic forces applied to the system. In this study, we derive asimple formula that incorporates the non-quasistatic response coefficients withOnsager's kinetic coefficients, where the Onsager coefficients characterize therelaxation dynamics of fluctuation of extensive thermodynamic variables ofsemi-macroscopic systems. Moreover, the thermodynamic length and the dissipatedavailability that quantifies the efficiency of irreversible thermodynamicprocesses are formulated in terms of the derived non-quasistatic responsecoefficients. The present results are demonstrated by using an ideal gas model.The present results are, in principle, verifiable through experiments and arethus expected to provide a guiding principle for the nonequilibrium control ofmacroscopic thermodynamic systems.

Non-quasistatic response coefficients and dissipated availability for macroscopic thermodynamic systems