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Modern video streaming services require quality assurance of the presentedaudiovisual material. Quality assurance mechanisms allow streaming platforms toprovide quality levels that are considered sufficient to yield usersatisfaction, with the least possible amount of data transferred. A variety ofmeasures and approaches have been developed to control video quality, e.g., byadapting it to network conditions. These include objective matrices of thequality and thresholds identified by means of subjective perceptual judgments.The former group of matrices has recently gained the attention of (multi)mediaresearchers. They call this area of study ``Quality of Experience'' (QoE). Inthis paper, we present a review of QoE's theoretical models together with adiscussion of their properties and implications for the field. We argue thatmost of them represent the bottom-up approach to modeling. Such models focus ondescribing as many variables as possible, but with a limited ability toinvestigate the causal relationship between them; therefore, the applicabilityof the findings in practice is limited. To advance the field, we thereforepropose a structural, top-down model of video QoE that describes causalrelationships among variables. We hope that our framework will facilitatedesigning comparable experiments in the domain.

Top-down and bottom-up approaches to video Quality of Experience studies; overview and proposal of a new model