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Until the mid 1960s, the UK experienced regular measles epidemics, with thevast majority of children being infected in early childhood. The introductionof a measles vaccine substantially reduced its incidence. The first part ofthis paper examines the long-term human capital and health effects of thischange in the early childhood disease environment. The second part investigatesinteractions between the vaccination campaign and individuals' endowments ascaptured using molecular genetic data, shedding light on complementaritiesbetween public health investments and individual endowments. We use twoidentification approaches, based on the nationwide introduction of the vaccinein 1968 and local vaccination trials in 1966. Our results show that exposure tothe vaccination in early childhood positively affects adult height, but onlyamong those with high genetic endowments for height. We find no effects onyears of education; neither a direct effect, nor evidence of complementarities.

Early life exposure to measles and later-life outcomes: Evidence from the introduction of a vaccine