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Fluorophores emitting in the NIR-IIb wavelength range (1.5 micron - 1.7micron) show great potential for bioimaging due to their large tissuepenetration. However, current fluorophores suffer from poor emission withquantum yields ~2% in aqueous solvents. In this work, we report the synthesisof HgSe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots emitting at 1.7 microns through theinterband transition. Growth of a thick shell led to a drastic increase in thephotoluminescence quantum yield, with a value of 55% in nonpolar solvents. Thequantum yields of our QDs and other reported QDs are explained well by a modelof Forster resonance energy transfer to ligands and solvent molecules. Themodel predicts a quantum yield >6% when these HgSe/CdSe QDs are solubilized inwater. Our work demonstrates the importance of a thick type-I shell to obtainbright emission in the NIR-IIb region

Bright Fluorophores in the Second Near-Infrared Window: HgSe/CdSe Quantum Dots