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Since the development of semiconductor technologies, exascale computing andits associated applications have required increasing degrees of efficiency.Semiconductor-transistor-based circuits (STbCs) have struggled in increasingthe GHz frequency. Emerging as an alternative to STbC, the superconductingelectrons (SCE) technology promises higher-speed clock frequencies at ultra-lowpower consumption. The rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits have atheoretical potential for three orders of magnitude reduction in power whileoperating at clock frequencies higher than 100 GHz. Although the security insemiconductor technology has been extensively researched and developed, thesecurity design in the superconducting field requires field demands attention.In this paper, C-SAR is presented that aims to protect the superconductingcircuit electronics from Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based attacks. The SATattack is an attack that can break all the existing combinational logic lockingtechniques. C-SAR can immunize against SAT attacks by increasing the key searchspace and prolonging the clock cycles of attack inputs. Even in the worst caseof C-SAR, in face of S-SAT a specially designed SAT attack, C-SAR can also soarthe attack cost exponentially with key bits first, then linearly with thelength of camouflaged DFF array. We have shown in this work that the cost ofC-SAR is manageable as it only linearly increases as a function of key bits.

C-SAR: SAT Attack Resistant Logic Locking for RSFQ Circuits