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Divisiveness appears to be increasing in much of the world, leading toconcern about political violence and a decreasing capacity to collaborativelyaddress large-scale societal challenges. In this working paper we aim toarticulate an interdisciplinary research and practice area focused on what wecall bridging systems: systems which increase mutual understanding and trustacross divides, creating space for productive conflict, deliberation, orcooperation. We give examples of bridging systems across three domains:recommender systems on social media, collective response systems, andhuman-facilitated group deliberation. We argue that these examples can be moremeaningfully understood as processes for attention-allocation (as opposed to"content distribution" or "amplification") and develop a correspondingframework to explore similarities - and opportunities for bridging - acrossthese seemingly disparate domains. We focus particularly on the potential ofbridging-based ranking to bring the benefits of offline bridging into spaceswhich are already governed by algorithms. Throughout, we suggest researchdirections that could improve our capacity to incorporate bridging into a worldincreasingly mediated by algorithms and artificial intelligence.

Bridging Systems: Open Problems for Countering Destructive Divisiveness across Ranking, Recommenders, and Governance