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Drawing on the theories of knowledge recombination, we aim to unpack theessential tension between tradition and innovation in scientific research.Using the American Physical Society data and computational methods, we analyzethe impact of knowledge spanning on both citation counts and disruptiveinnovation. The findings show that knowledge spanning has a U-shaped impact ondisruptive innovation. In contrast, there is an inverted U-shaped relationshipbetween knowledge spanning and citation counts, and the inverted U-shapedeffect is moderated by team size. This study contributes to the theories ofknowledge recombination by suggesting that both intellectual conformism andknowledge recombination can lead to disruptive innovation. That is, whenevaluating the quality of scientific research with disruptive innovation, theessential tension seems to disappear.

Unpacking the Essential Tension of Knowledge Recombination: Analyzing the Impact of Knowledge Spanning on Citation Counts and Disruptive Innovation