English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Large-scale power-to-hydrogen (P2H) systems formed by multi-stack arepotentially powerful peak-shaving resources of power systems. However, due tothe research gap in connecting the grid-side performance with the inherentoperation control, the continuous operation of P2H loads is limited by the PFassessment under volatile conditions when integrating into the grid. This paperfirst fills the gap in proposing the analytical models of active and reactivepower of P2H loads with a typical power converter interface topology. On thisbasis, the all-condition PF characteristics of multi-stack P2H loads arecaptured as functions of unified current and temperature control variables.Then, a PF-constrained multi-timescale control framework is constructed toevaluate flexibility, PF, production, and security comprehensively. A two-levelnexus, including a model-based hour-ahead robust model predictive controllerand a rule-based real-time increment correction algorithm, is proposed toguarantee the control accuracy and tractability. Case studies verify anintrinsic control tradeoff between PF and production, resulting in anunequal-split allocation strategy compared to the traditionalproduction-oriented control. The significance of the extended PF and securitydimensions is verified to improve the flexibility. Furthermore, five typicaloperating modes respectively corresponding to low, medium, and high load levelsat the cluster level are concluded for industrial application.

A Multi-stack Power-to-Hydrogen Load Control Framework for the Power Factor-Constrained Integration in Volatile Peak Shaving Conditions