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The piezoelectric nanomaterial ZnO exhibits an excellent piezoelectricresponse that can transduce mechanical energy into electrical signals byapplying pressure. The piezoelectric behavior of ZnO nanostructures (especiallynanorods or microrods) is getting considerable attention in the fabrications ofpiezo tactile sensors, energy harvesting devices, and other self-poweringimplantable devices. Especially vertically aligned ZnO nanorods are of highinterest due to their higher value of piezoelectric coefficient along thez-direction. In this report, various geometries and alignments of ZnO nanorodsare explored and their effect on strength of piezoelectric output potential hasbeen simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics software. Best suited geometry andinclination are explored in this simulation to achieve high piezoelectricoutput in haptic and energy harvester devices. The simulation results show outof many geometries and inclinations the highest piezoelectric output isdemonstrated by the inclined ZnO nanorods due to the application of highertorque force or shear stress in similar applied force. The high torque force orshear stress at 60 degree orientation and optimized contributions from all thepiezoelectric coefficients resulted in a high piezoelectric output potentialclose to 215 mV which is much higher than the vertically aligned ZnO nanorodwhich is approximately 25 mV. The results are contrary to the acceptedunderstanding that the vertical ZnO nanorods should produce the highest outputvoltage due to the high piezoelectric coefficient along the z-axis.

Determining the most efficient geometry through simulation study of ZnO  nanorods for the development of high-performance tactile sensors and energy  harvesting devices