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Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is essential to improve the spectrumefficiency for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.The classical SDMA for massive MIMO with hybrid precoding heavily relies on theangular orthogonality in the far field to distinguish multiple users atdifferent angles, which fails to fully exploit spatial resources in thedistance domain. With dramatically increasing number of antennas, extremelylarge-scale antenna array (ELAA) introduces additional resolution in thedistance domain in the near field. In this paper, we propose the concept oflocation division multiple access (LDMA) to provide a new possibility toenhance spectrum efficiency. The key idea is to exploit extra spatial resourcesin the distance domain to serve different users at different locations(determined by angles and distances) in the near field. Specifically, theasymptotic orthogonality of beam focusing vectors in the distance domain isproved, which reveals that near-field beam focusing is able to focus signals onspecific locations to mitigate inter-user interferences. Simulation resultsverify the superiority of the proposed LDMA over classical SDMA in differentscenarios.

Location Division Multiple Access for Near-Field Communications