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The interplay between dimensionality and various phases of matter is acentral inquiry in condensed matter physics. New phases are often discoveredthrough spontaneously broken symmetry. Understanding the dimensionality ofsuperconductivity in the high-temperature cuprate analogue $-$ layerednickelates and revealing a new symmetry-breaking state are the keys todeciphering the underlying pairing mechanism. Here, we demonstrate thehighly-tunable dimensionality and a broken rotational symmetry state in thesuperconductivity of square-planar layered nickelates. The superconductingstate, probed by superconducting critical current and magnetoresistance withinsuperconducting transition under direction-dependent in-plane magnetic fields,exhibits a $C_2$ rotational symmetry which breaks the $C_4$ rotational symmetryof the square-planar lattice. Furthermore, by performing detailed examinationof the angular dependent upper critical fields at temperatures down to 0.5 Kwith high-magnetic pulsed-fields, we observe a crossover from two-dimensionalto three-dimensional superconducting states which can be manipulated by theionic size fluctuations in the rare-earth spacer layer. Such a large degree ofcontrollability is desired for tailoring strongly two/three-dimensionalsuperconductors and navigating various pairing landscapes for a betterunderstanding of the correlation between reduced dimensionality andunconventional pairing. These results illuminate new directions to unravel thehigh-temperature superconducting pairing mechanism.

Dimensionality control and rotational symmetry breaking superconductivity in square-planar layered nickelates