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The precipitation of charged particles from the magnetosphere into theionosphere is one of the crucial coupling mechanisms between these two regionsof geospace and is associated with multiple space weather effects, such asglobal navigation satellite system signal disruption and geomagneticallyinduced currents at ground level. While precipitating particle fluxes have beenmeasured by numerous spacecraft missions over the past decades, it oftenremains difficult to obtain global precipitation patterns with a good timeresolution during a substorm. Numerical simulations can help to bridge this gapand improve the understanding of mechanisms leading to particle precipitationat high latitudes through the global view they offer on the near-Earth spacesystem. We present the first results on auroral (0.5-50 keV) protonprecipitation within a 3-dimensional simulation of the Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasovmodel. The run is driven by southward interplanetary magnetic field conditionswith constant solar wind parameters. We find that, on the dayside, cusp protonprecipitation exhibits the expected energy-latitude dispersion and takes placein the form of successive bursts associated with the transit of flux transferevents formed through dayside magnetopause reconnection. On the nightside, theprecipitation takes place within the expected range of geomagnetic latitudes,and it appears clearly that the precipitating particle injection is takingplace within a narrow magnetic local time span, associated with fast Earthwardplasma flows in the near-Earth magnetotail. Finally, the simulatedprecipitating fluxes are compared to observations from Defense MeteorologicalSatellite Program spacecraft during driving conditions similar to those in thesimulation and are found to be in good agreement with the measurements.

First 3D hybrid-Vlasov global simulation of auroral proton precipitation and comparison with satellite observations