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To provide seamless coverage during all flight phases, aeronauticalcommunications systems (ACS) have to integrate space-based, air-based, as wellas ground-based platforms to formulate aviation-oriented space-air-groundintegrated networks (SAGINs). In continental areas, L-band aeronauticalbroadband communications (ABC) are gaining popularity for supporting airtraffic management (ATM) modernization. However, L-band ABC faces thechallenges of spectrum congestion and severe interference due to the legacysystems. To circumvent these, we propose a novel multiple-antenna aided L-bandABC paradigm to tackle the key issues of reliable and high-rate air-to-ground(A2G) transmissions. Specifically, we first introduce the development roadmapof the ABC. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of the L-band ABCpropagation environment and the distinctive challenges of the associatedmultiple-antenna techniques. To overcome these challenges, we propose anadvanced multiple-antenna assisted L-band ABC paradigm from the perspective ofchannel estimation, reliable transmission, and multiple access. Finally, weshed light on the compelling research directions of the aviation component ofSAGINs.

Multiple-Antenna Aided Aeronautical Communications in Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Channel Estimation, Reliable Transmission, and Multiple Access