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Young immature granule cells (imGCs) appear via adult neurogenesis in thehippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In comparison to mature GCs (mGCs) (born duringdevelopment), the imGCs exhibit two competing distinct properties such as highexcitability and low excitatory innervation. We develop a spiking neuralnetwork for the DG, incorporating the imGCs, and investigate their effect onpattern separation. We first consider the effect of high excitability. TheimGCs become very highly active due to their low firing threshold. Then, strongpattern correlation occurs, which results in pattern integration. On the otherhand, the mGCs exhibit very sparse firing activity due to strongly increasedfeedback inhibition. As a result of high sparsity, the pattern separationefficacy (PSE) of the mGCs becomes very high. Thus, the whole population of GCsbecomes a heterogeneous one, composed of a (major) subpopulation of mGCs (i.e.,pattern separators) with very low activation degree and a (minor) subpopulationof imGCs (i.e., pattern integrators) with very high activation degree. In thewhole heterogeneous population, the overall activation degree of all the GCs isa little reduced in comparison to the activation degree in the presence of onlymGCs without imGCs. However, no pattern separation occurs, due to heterogeneoussparsity, in contrast to the usual intuitive thought that sparsity couldimprove PSE. Next, we consider the effect of low excitatory innervation for theimGCs. In this case, the imGCs perform pattern integration. The PSE of the mGCsdecreases from a high value to a limit value. In the whole population of allthe GCs, when passing through a threshold, pattern separation starts, theoverall PSE increases and approaches that of the mGCs. However, due toheterogeneity caused by the imGCs, the overall PSE becomes deteriorated, incomparison with that in the presence of only mGCs.

Effect of Adult-Born Immature Granule Cells on Pattern Separation in The Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus