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We study causal inference in a setting in which units consisting of pairs ofindividuals (such as married couples) are assigned randomly to one of fourcategories: a treatment targeted at pair member A, a potentially differenttreatment targeted at pair member B, joint treatment, or no treatment. Thesetup includes the important special case in which the pair members are thesame individual targeted by two different treatments A and B. Allowing forendogenous non-compliance, including coordinated treatment takeup, as well asinterference across treatments, we derive the causal interpretation of variousinstrumental variable estimands using weaker monotonicity conditions than inthe literature. In general, coordinated treatment takeup makes it difficult toseparate treatment interaction from treatment effect heterogeneity. We provideauxiliary conditions and various bounding strategies that may help zero in oncausally interesting parameters. As an empirical illustration, we apply ourresults to a program randomly offering two different treatments, namelytutoring and financial incentives, to first year college students, in order toassess the treatments' effects on academic performance.

Treatment Effect Analysis for Pairs with Endogenous Treatment Takeup