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Preservation of the chemical and structural integrity of samples that will bebrought back from Mars is paramount to achieving the scientific objectives ofMSR. Given our knowledge of the nature of the samples retrieved at Jezero byPerseverance, at least two options need to be tested for opening the sampletubes: (1) One or two radial cuts at the end of the tube to slide the sampleout. (2) Two radial cuts at the ends of the tube and two longitudinal cuts tolift the upper half of the tube and access the sample. Strategy 1 will likelyminimize contamination but incurs the risk of affecting the physical integrityof weakly consolidated samples. Strategy 2 will be optimal for preserving thephysical integrity of the samples but increases the risk of contamination andmishandling of the sample as more manipulations and additional equipment willbe needed. A flexible approach to opening the sample tubes is thereforerequired, and several options need to be available, depending on the nature ofthe rock samples returned. Both opening strategies 1 and 2 may need to beavailable when the samples are returned to handle different sample types (e.g.,loosely bound sediments vs. indurated magmatic rocks). This question should berevisited after engineering tests are performed on analogue samples. The MSRsample tubes will have to be opened under stringent BSL4 conditions and thisaspect needs to be integrated into the planning.

Science Priorities for the Extraction of the Solid MSR Samples from their Sample Tubes