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The search heuristics Tabu search and Simulated annealing are commonly usedmeta-heuristics. The two heuristics have different ways of ensuringdiversification. The heuristics can be implemented for solving the stowageplanning problem. The stowage planning problem occurs every time a vessel isloaded. The idea is to stow the cargo in an optimal manner satisfying a set ofconstraints and specifically the stability constraints. An optimal plan can beto assign the cargo to spots on the vessel so that the vessel trim and draftare optimized ensuring a low fuel consumption. Here the problem considered isthe stowage planning of trailers on a Roll-on/Roll-off vessel. Roll-on/Roll-offvessels carries vehicles or trailers on the different levels of the vessel.When making a stowage plan of a vessel ballast tanks can be adjusted to improvestability and to change draft. This leads to stability constraints which can bevery complex to model and solve using a mixed integer model and solver.Complicating constraints occur in many different applications and differentforms and are the cause of the popularity of search algorithms, such as tabusearch and simulated annealing, for solving real-life applications. Results ofthe two meta-heuristics are shown for real-life stowage planning cases forRoll-on/Roll-off vessels.

Tabu Search and Simulated Annealing metaheuristic algorithms applied to the RoRo vessel stowage problem