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Purpose: To develop an efficient simultaneous multi-slab imaging method withblipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (blipped-SMSlab) in a 4Dk-space framework, and demonstrate its efficacy in high-resolution diffusionMRI (dMRI).  Theory and Methods: First, the SMSlab 4D k-space signal expression isformulated, and the phase interferences from intra-slab and inter-slabencodings on the same physical z axis are analyzed. Then, the blipped-SMSlabdMRI sequence is designed, with blipped-CAIPI gradients for inter-slabencoding, and a 2D multi-band accelerated navigator for inter-kz-shot phasecorrection. Third, strategies are developed to remove the phase interferences,by RF phase modulation and/or phase correction during reconstruction, thusdecoupling intra-slab and inter-slab encodings that are otherwise entangled. Invivo experiments are performed to validate the blipped-SMSlab method, andpreliminarily evaluate its performance in high-resolution dMRI compared withtraditional 2D imaging.  Results: In the 4D k-space framework, inter-slab and intra-slab phaseinterferences of blipped-SMSlab are successfully removed using the proposedstrategies. Compared with non-CAIPI sampling, the blipped-SMSlab acquisitionreduces the g-factor and g-factor-related SNR penalty by about 12%. Inaddition, in vivo experiments show the SNR advantage of blipped-SMSlab dMRIover traditional 2D dMRI for 1.3 and 1.0 mm isotropic resolution imaging withmatched acquisition time.  Conclusion: Removing inter-slab and intra-slab phase interferences enablesSMSlab dMRI with blipped-CAIPI in a 4D k-space framework. The proposedblipped-SMSlab dMRI is demonstrated to be more SNR-efficient than 2D dMRI andthus capable of high-quality, high-resolution fiber orientation detection.

3D Diffusion MRI Using Simultaneous Multi-slab with Blipped-CAIPI (Blipped-SMSlab) in a 4D K-space Framework