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Non-classical features of quantum systems have the potential to strengthenthe way we currently exchange information. In this paper, we explore thisenhancement on the most basic level of single particles. To be more precise, wecompare how well multi-party information can be transmitted to a singlereceiver using just one classical or quantum particle. Our approach is based ona multiple-access communication model in which messages can be encoded into asingle particle that is coherently distributed across multiple spatial modes.Theoretically, we derive lower bounds on the accessible information in thequantum setting that strictly separate it from the classical scenario. Thisseparation is found whenever there is more than one sender, and also when thereis just a single sender who has a shared phase reference with the receiver.Experimentally, we demonstrate such quantum advantage in single-particlecommunication by implementing a multi-port interferometer with messages beingencoded along the different trajectories. Specifically, we consider atwo-sender communication protocol built by a three-port optical interferometer.In this scenario, the rate sum achievable with a classical particle is upperbounded by one bit, while we experimentally observe a rate sum of$1.0152\pm0.0034$ bits in the quantum setup.

Information Carried by a Single Particle in Quantum Multiple-Access Channels