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Academic success is distributed unequally; a few top scientists receive thebulk of attention, citations, and resources. However, do these ``superstars"foster leadership in scientific innovation? We introduce threeinformation-theoretic measures that quantify novelty, innovation, and impactfrom scholarly citation networks, and compare the scholarly output ofscientists who are either not connected or strongly connected to superstarscientists. We find that while connected scientists do indeed publish more,garner more citations, and produce more diverse content, this comes at a costof lower innovation and higher redundancy of ideas. Further, once one removespapers co-authored with superstars, the academic output of these connectedscientists diminishes. In contrast, authors that produce innovative contentwithout the benefit of collaborations with scientific superstars produce papersthat connect a greater diversity of concepts, publish more, and have comparablecitation rates, once one controls for transferred prestige of superstars. Onbalance, our results indicate that academia pays a price by focusing attentionand resources on superstars.

Don't follow the leader: Independent thinkers create scientific innovation